• NF B is a family

  2019-12-31

  

  NF-κB is a family of protein mediators that regulate various innate and adaptive immune responses [29,30]. The NF-κB family consists of the following five proteins: c-Rel (Rel); p65 (RelA); RelB; p50(NF-κB1); and p52(NF-κB2). It has been confirmed that NF-κB is activated by TNF family cytokines, suc

• Through the process of alternative splicing the IKZF

  2019-12-30

  

  Through the process of alternative splicing, the IKZF1 gene is capable of encoding a large number of Ikaros isoforms (Molnar et al., 1996). Some of these isoforms were shown to have distinct functions (Li et al., 2011, Ronni et al., 2007). Ikaros protein contains four zinc fingers at the N-terminus

• Multiple technologies exist for analyzing the contents

  2019-12-30

  

  Multiple technologies exist for analyzing the contents of single cells, including single-cell DNA sequencing, RNA expression analysis, and protein level and activity measurements (Hu et al., 2018; Narrandes & Xu, 2018; Ortega et al., 2017; Wang & Navin, 2015). Single-cell DNA sequencing is generally

• Metal ions are known not to be necessary for

  2019-12-30

  

  Metal ions are known not to be necessary for catalytic activity of serine proteinases. Nevertheless, Co2+ and Ca2+ ions were found to stabilize glutamyl endopeptidase molecule [1], [7], [19]. In our previous study, we have described significant stimulating effect of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Co2+ on biosynthe

• In the current study we

  2019-12-30

  

  In the current study, we have elucidated an intrinsic mechanism by which PD-1 signaling maintains Foxp3 in Tbet+iTreg and iTreg cells. The data presented here demonstrate that PD-1 can inhibit a functional nuclear pool of active asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP), an endo-lysosomal protease previously

• In conclusion using human liver microsomes

  2019-12-30

  

  In conclusion, using human liver microsomes, supersomes from baculovirus-transformed insect cells expressing different human CYP450 isoforms, and V79MZh3A4 cells, MB2 and MB4 were formed from TRB and MC from TRC. The amounts of MB2, MB4, and MC formed were related to the 6β-testosterone hydroxylase

• br Introduction Type Diabetes mellitus T DM is a

  2019-12-30

  

  Introduction Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that raises blood glucose level for a prolonged time. T2DM is associated with acute complications like ketoacidosis, hyposmolar coma, chronic complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to

• Against this backdrop we set out to identify

  2019-12-30

  

  Against this backdrop, we set out to identify synthetic and endogenous ligands that bind directly to and regulate the activity of Nurr1. Owing to the pivotal role Nurr1 plays in producing and processing dopamine, and the need for neurons to tightly regulate dopamine levels, we postulated that the re

• DNMT is the dominating enzyme responsible for maintenance of

  2019-12-30

  

  DNMT1is the dominating enzyme responsible for maintenance of the DNA methylation pattern and the primary enzyme responsible for copying methylation patterns following DNA replication (Moore et al., 2013). DNMT1 maintains the mitotic inheritance of the original methylation pattern in a cell lineage d

• br Experimental methods br Results

  2019-12-30

  

  Experimental methods Results and discussion Conclusion Rational design of highly selective fluorescent probes to detect G-quadruplexes is of profound importance for basic research. On this basis, we designed and synthesized a series of N-alkylated styrylquinolinium dyes Ls-1, Ls-2 and Ls-3.

• br Results and discussion A systematic search for genes enco

  2019-12-30

  

  Results and discussion A systematic search for genes encoding H+-PPases was carried out by PCR using genomic DNA from a wide range of protozoa as templates and degenerate oligonucleotides, designed from amino vx 20 domains conserved in H+-PPases of higher plants and the proteobacterium R. rubrum,

• Recently pharmacological studies have revealed that natural

  2019-12-29

  

  Recently, pharmacological studies have revealed that natural compounds achieve increasing attention due to its high therapeutic effectiveness and low adverse effect, compared with the chemically synthesized compounds. Emodin is a kind of natural anthraquinone derivative enriched in traditional Chine

• Ageing is associated with increased reactive oxygen species

  2019-12-29

  

  Ageing is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress and oxidative damage [43,44]. Overproduction of ROS can impair endothelial function by suppressing NO synthesis and scavenging NO thereby decreasing its overall bioavailability. Moreover, sustained oxidati

• Compounds that interact with MDR can do so

  2019-12-29

  

  Compounds that interact with MDR1 can do so by different mechanisms. Verapamil is known to modulate drug resistance by acting as a competitive MDR1 substrate [36]. Interestingly, NU7441 has similar growth inhibitory activity in the sensitive and resistant CORM-3 receptor and there was no observed r

• In the case of high fidelity polymerases we

  2019-12-29

  

  In the case of high-fidelity polymerases, we propose that water is used to achieve negative selection against nucleotide binding. With specialized DNA polymerases, we propose that nucleobase desolvation plays a different yet important role in allowing these enzymes to replicate damaged DNA. In this

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