• In NAFLD models the first hit

  2021-11-25

  

  In NAFLD models, the “first hit” is liver fat accumulation, which causes insulin resistance, whereas the interplay of inflammatory cytokines, which causes inflammation, acts as the representative “second hit” [9]. However, recently, the “multiple hit” hypothesis has taken into consideration that mul

• Cut proteins have five evolutionarily conserved domains Thes

  2021-11-25

  

  Cut proteins have five evolutionarily conserved domains. These include a homeodomain, three Cut repeats, and a coiled coil structure. The cut repeats, called CR1, CR2, and CR3, are composed of 70 amino acids, and, along with the homeodomain, are each capable of binding DNA. Mammalian cut proteins fu

• Resolving the molecular details of glyco

  2021-11-24

  

  Resolving the molecular details of (glyco)proteome variation in different tissues and organs of the human body is critical for the understanding of human biology and disease [59]. Glycoproteomic analysis of disease-related tissues and cells has provided valuable information to identify promising tar

• br Acknowledgements This work was

  2021-11-24

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by the grants from National key Basic Research Program of China (2012CB124702), 948 Program (2015-Z33), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172093, 31301947), the National Science Foundation for Fostering Talents in Basic Research (J1103510), S

• ATP is essential for maintaining the ionic balance of the

  2021-11-24

  

  ATP is essential for maintaining the ionic balance of the lens (Michael and Bron, 2011). Without sufficient ATP there is an ionic imbalance due to Na+K+ATPase dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that rabbit lenses incubated ex vivo without glucose rapidly lost ATP in their lens epithelium and f

• Due to its unusually long

  2021-11-24

  

  Due to its unusually long pre-implantation period [20,21], the horse conceptus is entirely dependent on histotrophic nutrition for the first 40 days of gestation [22]. During the pre-implantation period, glucose transporters in the endometrium and conceptus membranes must deliver the glucose require

• br Vertebrate steroid receptor evolution br Conclusion

  2021-11-24

  

  Vertebrate steroid receptor evolution Conclusion The teleost WGD event resulted in the duplication of the vertebrate GR and MR and two GRs have been retained in the majority of teleost fish studied so far. The molecular basis for this retention has yet to be fully understood. The cloning of th

• The HH signaling has also been

  2021-11-24

  

  The HH signaling has also been implicated in the regulation of cancer stem LX7101 HCL (CSC) by promoting their self-renewal [53]. Activated HH signaling has been identified in CSCs of many solid tumors, such as glioblastoma, breast, colon, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and hematological malignancies,

• Sexual size dimorphism has been observed

  2021-11-24

  

  Sexual size dimorphism has been observed in European eel and half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), as females have a faster growth rate than males, (Degani, G., et al., 2003, Ma, Q., et al., 2012). Ma et al. 2011 reported that the mRNA level of GH was higher in the pituitary gland of bot

• So far several methods have been used to monitor the

  2021-11-24

  

  So far, several methods have been used to monitor the level of GJC and its regulation in astrocytes studied in acute GNE-477 slices (see Giaume et al., 2012). This mainly includes approaches based either on electrophysiological properties of gap junction channels or on “dye coupling” experiments th

• In addition at the spinal level

  2021-11-24

  

  In addition, at the spinal level, results from colocalization experiments demonstrate that GABA-C receptors are present in the substantia gelatinosa and that they are presynaptically located. Neurons located in the substantia gelatinosa are differentially activated by afferent noxious and non-noxiou

• Attractively existing reports suggest that

  2021-11-24

  

  Attractively, existing reports suggest that cellular ferroptosis also probably plays vital role in liver fibrosis [[62], [63], [64]]. Carlson BA et al. illuminated that the ferroptosis regulator GPX4 was important for hepatocyte survival and proper liver function [62]. Sun X et al. showed that Nrf2

• The product chain length determination mechanism

  2021-11-24

  

  The product chain-length determination mechanism of -prenyltransferases has not yet been elucidated, although mutational analyses of highly conserved residues and of characteristic amino 78 2 residues in each subfamily of -prenyltransferases have enabled the understanding of the basic catalytic mec

• Here we report a new human genetic disorder in

  2021-11-24

  

  Here, we report a new human genetic disorder in a patient with hypoalgesia, altered fear and memory symptoms, and a non-anxious disposition. This disorder is attributable to co-inheritance of a microdeletion in a novel pseudogene and a known FAAH hypomorphic SNP. The microdeletion is flanked by repe

• Signaling pathways such as BMP FGF and WNT are strongly

  2021-11-24

  

  Signaling pathways such as BMP, FGF, and WNT are strongly involved in the process of endochondral ossification and Meckel's cartilage development [20]. Interestingly, absence of BMP antagonist, Noggin, in Meckel's cartilage, resulted in a phenotype, very similar to that of Setdb1 CKO [16]. To examin

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